sras_compute.py

@@ -6,9 +6,11 @@ multiprocessing child can import it without loading Qt or matplotlib —
 which matters because Python 3.14 on macOS spawns rather than forks.
 """
 
+import json
 import os
 from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 from dataclasses import dataclass
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import numpy as np
 import scipy.fft as scipy_fft
@@ -397,6 +399,21 @@ class AlignmentResult:
     per_angle: dict[int, AngleTransform]
 
 
+@dataclass
+class ManualAngleParams:
+    """One angle's manual-alignment state, independent of any canvas.
+
+    rotation_deg/shift_mm are exactly AngleTransform's non-derived fields —
+    the pair a canvas-bound AngleTransform's matrix/offset get built from
+    once a canvas is decided (build_manual_alignment). Defaults to identity
+    (no rotation, no shift): a fresh angle with no prior alignment is shown
+    raw, exactly as scanned — the same "fully unaligned" state Clear
+    Alignment resets back to.
+    """
+    rotation_deg: float = 0.0
+    shift_mm: tuple[float, float] = (0.0, 0.0)
+
+
 def _pixel_pitch_mm(sras: SrasFile, angle_idx: int) -> tuple[float, float]:
     """(dx, dy) mm/pixel for one angle: dx is the file-wide constant
     pixel_x_mm; dy is this angle's own row spacing (assumed uniform, the same
@@ -429,10 +446,18 @@ def _theta_deg(sras: SrasFile, angle_idx: int, ref_idx: int) -> float:
 
 
 def _corners_in_ref_frame(sras: SrasFile, angle_idx: int, ref_idx: int,
-                          shift_mm=(0.0, 0.0)) -> np.ndarray:
+                          shift_mm=(0.0, 0.0),
+                          theta_deg: float | None = None) -> np.ndarray:
     """Angle *angle_idx*'s bbox corners, rotated about its own centroid into
-    the reference frame and translated by *shift_mm*. Shape (4, 2)."""
+    the reference frame and translated by *shift_mm*. Shape (4, 2).
-    R = _rotation_matrix(_theta_deg(sras, angle_idx, ref_idx))
+
+    theta_deg overrides the analytic angles_deg-derived rotation used by
+    default — the manual-alignment path (union_canvas_mm) passes a
+    user-chosen rotation here (which may differ from the known scan-angle
+    delta) without needing a parallel code path.
+    """
+    theta = _theta_deg(sras, angle_idx, ref_idx) if theta_deg is None else theta_deg
+    R = _rotation_matrix(theta)
     c_a = np.array(_bbox_center_mm(sras, angle_idx))
     c_ref = np.array(_bbox_center_mm(sras, ref_idx))
     shift = np.asarray(shift_mm, dtype=np.float64)
@@ -443,7 +468,8 @@ def _corners_in_ref_frame(sras: SrasFile, angle_idx: int, ref_idx: int,
 def _build_affine_canvas_to_raw(sras: SrasFile, angle_idx: int, ref_idx: int,
                                 shift_mm: tuple[float, float],
                                 canvas_dx: float, canvas_dy: float,
-                                canvas_origin_mm: tuple[float, float]
+                                canvas_origin_mm: tuple[float, float],
+                                theta_deg: float | None = None
                                 ) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
     """matrix, offset s.t. raw_index = matrix @ [row_out, col_out] + offset,
     matching scipy.ndimage.affine_transform's output->input convention.
@@ -453,13 +479,16 @@ def _build_affine_canvas_to_raw(sras: SrasFile, angle_idx: int, ref_idx: int,
       [lx;ly] = R(theta)^T @ ([X;Y]-c_ref-shift) + c_a    # undo rotation+shift -> angle a's local mm
       [row;col] = D @ ([lx;ly] - [x_start_a; y0_a])       # local mm -> angle a's raw idx
 
-    where theta = angles_deg[angle_idx] - angles_deg[ref_idx], c_ref/c_a are
+    where theta = angles_deg[angle_idx] - angles_deg[ref_idx] (unless
-    each angle's own raw-bbox mm centroid (the rotation pivot — this keeps
+    *theta_deg* overrides it — see _corners_in_ref_frame's note, used by the
-    rotated content centered, minimizing required canvas padding), and
+    manual-alignment path), c_ref/c_a are each angle's own raw-bbox mm
-    A_out/D are the index<->mm scaling matrices for the canvas pitch and
+    centroid (the rotation pivot — this keeps rotated content centered,
-    this angle's own native pitch respectively.
+    minimizing required canvas padding), and A_out/D are the index<->mm
+    scaling matrices for the canvas pitch and this angle's own native pitch
+    respectively.
     """
-    Rinv = _rotation_matrix(_theta_deg(sras, angle_idx, ref_idx)).T
+    theta = _theta_deg(sras, angle_idx, ref_idx) if theta_deg is None else theta_deg
+    Rinv = _rotation_matrix(theta).T
     cx_a, cy_a = _bbox_center_mm(sras, angle_idx)
     cx_ref, cy_ref = _bbox_center_mm(sras, ref_idx)
     dx_a, dy_a = _pixel_pitch_mm(sras, angle_idx)
@@ -648,3 +677,219 @@ def compute_angle_alignment(sras: SrasFile, ref_angle_idx: int,
 
 # Back-compat alias for the pre-split private name (used by tooling).
 _compute_angle_alignment = compute_angle_alignment
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Manual alignment (Fusion menu -> Manual Alignment... dialog)
+#
+# Skips compute_angle_alignment's mask + phase-correlation search entirely:
+# every angle's rotation_deg/shift_mm is supplied directly by the caller
+# (nudged by eye against a live multi-angle mask overlay, or pre-seeded from
+# a previous compute_angle_alignment run or a saved sidecar). Building the
+# final AlignmentResult from already-known per-angle parameters is pure
+# closed-form matrix math (union_canvas_mm + _build_affine_canvas_to_raw)
+# with no per-pixel image work at all, so build_manual_alignment is cheap
+# enough to call synchronously on the GUI thread on every edit. The only
+# genuinely expensive per-pixel operation anywhere in this flow is
+# reproject_mask, and only ManualAlignmentDialog's own downsampled preview
+# calls that per keystroke — see that class's docstring for how it limits
+# each nudge to reprojecting only the actively-edited angle.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def union_canvas_mm(sras: SrasFile, ref_angle_idx: int, dx: float, dy: float,
+                    per_angle_params: dict[int, ManualAngleParams],
+                    margin_frac: float = 0.0
+                    ) -> tuple[tuple[float, float], tuple[int, int]]:
+    """Shared-canvas origin (mm) and (n_rows, n_cols) at pitch (dx, dy) that
+    contains every angle's footprint after applying its own rotation+shift —
+    the generalisation of compute_angle_alignment's Step 3 to arbitrary (not
+    just _theta_deg-analytic) per-angle rotation. Angles missing from
+    per_angle_params default to identity (e.g. a sidecar saved before a
+    rescan added more angles).
+
+    margin_frac pads the box on every side: 0 for a final canvas (this then
+    reproduces compute_angle_alignment's own Step-3 math exactly, when every
+    angle's rotation_deg equals the analytic delta and shift_mm matches);
+    nonzero for ManualAlignmentDialog's downsampled preview canvas, which
+    needs headroom so an ordinary translation nudge of the active angle never
+    has to trigger a full canvas resize (see that class's docstring — an
+    extreme nudge can still, in principle, push content past this padding;
+    accepted as a known edge case, same as _phase_correlate_shift's
+    wraparound risk note).
+    """
+    n = sras.n_angles
+    corners = np.vstack([
+        _corners_in_ref_frame(
+            sras, a, ref_angle_idx,
+            per_angle_params.get(a, ManualAngleParams()).shift_mm,
+            theta_deg=per_angle_params.get(a, ManualAngleParams()).rotation_deg)
+        for a in range(n)])
+    x_min, y_min = corners.min(axis=0)
+    x_max, y_max = corners.max(axis=0)
+    if margin_frac:
+        pad_x, pad_y = (x_max - x_min) * margin_frac, (y_max - y_min) * margin_frac
+        x_min, x_max = x_min - pad_x, x_max + pad_x
+        y_min, y_max = y_min - pad_y, y_max + pad_y
+    n_cols = int(np.ceil((x_max - x_min) / dx)) + 1
+    n_rows = int(np.ceil((y_max - y_min) / abs(dy))) + 1
+    origin = (float(x_min), float(y_min if dy > 0 else y_max))
+    return origin, (n_rows, n_cols)
+
+
+def reproject_mask(sras: SrasFile, angle_idx: int, ref_angle_idx: int,
+                   mask: np.ndarray, rotation_deg: float,
+                   shift_mm: tuple[float, float],
+                   canvas_dx: float, canvas_dy: float,
+                   canvas_origin_mm: tuple[float, float],
+                   canvas_shape: tuple[int, int]) -> np.ndarray:
+    """Resample one angle's binary/float mask onto an arbitrary canvas via an
+    explicit rotation+shift — the single building block
+    ManualAlignmentDialog's live preview repeatedly calls (once per
+    keystroke, for only the actively-nudged angle), since it bypasses
+    compute_angle_alignment's phase-correlation search entirely and just
+    takes rotation_deg/shift_mm as given. order=0 (nearest) matches
+    apply_alignment's own reasoning: a binary mask must never be blended with
+    zero-padding.
+    """
+    matrix, offset = _build_affine_canvas_to_raw(
+        sras, angle_idx, ref_angle_idx, shift_mm, canvas_dx, canvas_dy,
+        canvas_origin_mm, theta_deg=rotation_deg)
+    return scipy_ndimage.affine_transform(
+        mask.astype(np.float32, copy=False), matrix, offset=offset,
+        output_shape=canvas_shape, order=0, mode="constant", cval=0.0)
+
+
+def build_manual_alignment(sras: SrasFile, ref_angle_idx: int,
+                           dc_threshold_mv: float,
+                           per_angle_params: dict[int, ManualAngleParams]
+                           ) -> AlignmentResult:
+    """Build a full, full-resolution AlignmentResult from user-supplied
+    per-angle rotation+shift — the Manual Alignment counterpart to
+    compute_angle_alignment, skipping its mask/phase-correlation search
+    entirely (every angle's transform here is exactly what the caller
+    supplied). Pure matrix/bbox math, no image data touched anywhere in this
+    function, so it is cheap enough to call synchronously on the GUI thread.
+    The reference angle's params are always forced to identity, regardless
+    of what per_angle_params holds for it — it defines the shared origin and
+    must never be transformed.
+    """
+    n = sras.n_angles
+    dx_ref, dy_ref = _pixel_pitch_mm(sras, ref_angle_idx)
+    params = {a: per_angle_params.get(a, ManualAngleParams()) for a in range(n)}
+    params[ref_angle_idx] = ManualAngleParams()
+
+    canvas_origin_mm, canvas_shape = union_canvas_mm(
+        sras, ref_angle_idx, dx_ref, dy_ref, params, margin_frac=0.0)
+
+    per_angle: dict[int, AngleTransform] = {}
+    for a in range(n):
+        p = params[a]
+        matrix, offset = _build_affine_canvas_to_raw(
+            sras, a, ref_angle_idx, p.shift_mm, dx_ref, dy_ref,
+            canvas_origin_mm, theta_deg=p.rotation_deg)
+        per_angle[a] = AngleTransform(p.rotation_deg, p.shift_mm, matrix, offset)
+
+    return AlignmentResult(ref_angle_idx, dc_threshold_mv, canvas_shape,
+                           dx_ref, dy_ref, canvas_origin_mm, per_angle)
+
+
+# ---- Sidecar persistence (<name>.sras.align.json) -------------------------
+#
+# Lives here, not sras_format.py: sras_format.py is scoped to the versioned
+# binary .sras spec itself (see scan_format.md); a manual alignment is a
+# viewer-computed *derived* artifact, analogous in kind to AlignmentResult —
+# so it belongs with the alignment math it serialises, which already lives
+# in this module. json + pathlib are both stdlib, so this doesn't add a new
+# dependency to a module whose only load-bearing constraint is staying free
+# of Qt/matplotlib for cheap multiprocessing-child imports.
+
+@dataclass
+class ManualAlignmentSidecar:
+    ref_angle_idx: int
+    dc_threshold_mv: float
+    per_angle: dict[int, ManualAngleParams]
+
+
+def sidecar_path(sras_path) -> Path:
+    """<name>.sras.align.json next to the scan file. A thin, independently
+    testable function since save/load/delete and the GUI's status messages
+    all need the identical path."""
+    p = Path(sras_path)
+    return p.with_name(p.name + ".align.json")
+
+
+def save_manual_alignment(sras: SrasFile, ref_angle_idx: int,
+                          dc_threshold_mv: float,
+                          per_angle: dict[int, ManualAngleParams]) -> Path:
+    """Write the sidecar JSON for sras.path (overwriting any existing one)
+    and return the path written.
+
+    Schema (schema_version 1):
+      {
+        "schema_version": 1,
+        "ref_angle_idx": <int>,
+        "dc_threshold_mv": <float>,
+        "per_angle": {
+          "<angle_idx>": {"rotation_deg": <float>, "shift_mm": [<dx_mm>, <dy_mm>]},
+          ...
+        }
+      }
+    Angle indices are JSON object keys, so they round-trip as strings —
+    load_manual_alignment converts them back to int.
+    """
+    path = sidecar_path(sras.path)
+    payload = {
+        "schema_version": 1,
+        "ref_angle_idx": ref_angle_idx,
+        "dc_threshold_mv": dc_threshold_mv,
+        "per_angle": {
+            str(a): {"rotation_deg": p.rotation_deg, "shift_mm": list(p.shift_mm)}
+            for a, p in per_angle.items()
+        },
+    }
+    path.write_text(json.dumps(payload, indent=2))
+    return path
+
+
+def load_manual_alignment(sras: SrasFile) -> ManualAlignmentSidecar | None:
+    """Read <sras.path>'s sidecar JSON if present, else None — never raises:
+    a missing, corrupt, foreign, or version-mismatched JSON file must not
+    block opening the .sras file itself (see SrasViewerWindow._on_load_done).
+    Per-angle entries for an angle index no longer present in *sras* (e.g.
+    re-scanned with fewer angles) are silently dropped.
+    """
+    path = sidecar_path(sras.path)
+    if not path.exists():
+        return None
+    try:
+        raw = json.loads(path.read_text())
+        if raw.get("schema_version") != 1:
+            return None
+        per_angle = {
+            int(a): ManualAngleParams(
+                float(v["rotation_deg"]),
+                (float(v["shift_mm"][0]), float(v["shift_mm"][1])))
+            for a, v in raw.get("per_angle", {}).items()
+            if int(a) < sras.n_angles
+        }
+        return ManualAlignmentSidecar(
+            ref_angle_idx=int(raw.get("ref_angle_idx", 0)),
+            dc_threshold_mv=float(raw.get("dc_threshold_mv", 0.0)),
+            per_angle=per_angle)
+    except (OSError, ValueError, KeyError, TypeError, IndexError,
+            json.JSONDecodeError):
+        return None
+
+
+def delete_manual_alignment(sras: SrasFile) -> bool:
+    """Delete the sidecar if present. Returns whether a file actually existed
+    to delete, so Clear Alignment's status message can say so. Genuine I/O
+    errors (permission denied, read-only share) propagate — the caller
+    (ManualAlignmentDialog._on_clear) surfaces them rather than silently
+    pretending the destructive action succeeded."""
+    path = sidecar_path(sras.path)
+    try:
+        path.unlink()
+        return True
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return False

sras_viewer.py

@@ -19,29 +19,34 @@ import faulthandler
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
 
+import matplotlib as mpl
 import numpy as np
 from matplotlib.backends.backend_qtagg import FigureCanvasQTAgg, NavigationToolbar2QT
 from matplotlib.figure import Figure
 from matplotlib.patches import Polygon
 from matplotlib.path import Path as MplPath
 from PyQt6.QtCore import QObject, Qt, QThread, pyqtSignal
-from PyQt6.QtGui import QAction
+from PyQt6.QtGui import QAction, QKeyEvent
 from PyQt6.QtWidgets import (
     QApplication, QButtonGroup, QCheckBox, QComboBox, QDialog, QDialogButtonBox,
     QDoubleSpinBox, QFileDialog, QFormLayout, QFrame, QGroupBox, QHBoxLayout,
-    QLabel, QMainWindow, QProgressDialog, QPushButton, QRadioButton, QScrollArea,
+    QLabel, QMainWindow, QMessageBox, QProgressDialog, QPushButton, QRadioButton,
-    QSizePolicy, QSpinBox, QSplitter, QVBoxLayout, QWidget,
+    QScrollArea, QSizePolicy, QSpinBox, QSplitter, QVBoxLayout, QWidget,
 )
 
 import sras_compute as compute
-from sras_compute import PYFFTW_AVAILABLE, apply_alignment
+from sras_compute import (
+    PYFFTW_AVAILABLE, ManualAngleParams, apply_alignment, build_manual_alignment,
+    delete_manual_alignment, load_manual_alignment, save_manual_alignment,
+    sidecar_path,
+)
 from sras_format import (
     CH1_IDX, CH3_IDX, CH4_IDX, CH_NAMES, SrasFile, adc_to_mv, mv_to_adc,
     _FALLBACK_YMULT_MV, _FALLBACK_YOFF_ADC,
 )
 from sras_workers import (
-    AngleAlignmentWorker, BatchCacheWorker, ComputeWorker, DcPrecomputeWorker,
+    AngleAlignmentWorker, BatchCacheWorker, Ch4MaskWorker, ComputeWorker,
-    LoadWorker,
+    DcPrecomputeWorker, LoadWorker,
 )
 
 faulthandler.enable()   # print a native stack trace on SIGSEGV/SIGABRT/etc.
@@ -738,6 +743,542 @@ class FftOptionsDialog(QDialog):
         return max(1, self._spin_pad.value())
 
 
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Manual alignment dialog (Fusion -> Manual Alignment...)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class ManualAlignOverlayCanvas(FigureCanvasQTAgg):
+    """Renders ManualAlignmentDialog's multi-angle mask overlay and turns
+    keyboard input into translate/rotate nudge requests for whichever angle
+    the dialog currently has active.
+
+    A pure input+render widget — it holds no alignment state and never
+    touches SrasFile itself; ManualAlignmentDialog owns all of that and
+    decides, from these signals, whether a cheap single-layer refresh or a
+    full preview-canvas rebuild is needed.
+
+    FigureCanvasQTAgg is a real QWidget, so keyPressEvent works like on any
+    other widget, but Qt only ever delivers key events to whichever widget
+    currently has focus — StrongFocus, plus grabbing focus on click and once
+    right after the dialog is shown, are both required or arrow keys
+    silently do nothing.
+
+    Rotate keys are letters (Q/E), not punctuation (comma/period or
+    brackets): Shift+letter still reports the same Qt.Key on every platform,
+    whereas Shift+comma/bracket can report a different virtual key
+    (Key_Less / Key_BraceLeft) depending on platform and keyboard layout —
+    which would silently break the "Shift = coarse step" modifier for
+    rotation specifically. Arrow keys have no such hazard.
+    """
+    nudge_translate = pyqtSignal(int, int, bool)   # dir_x, dir_y in {-1,0,1}; coarse
+    nudge_rotate = pyqtSignal(int, bool)           # dir in {-1,1} (CCW/CW); coarse
+
+    _TRANSLATE_KEYS = {
+        Qt.Key.Key_Left:  (-1, 0),
+        Qt.Key.Key_Right: (1, 0),
+        Qt.Key.Key_Up:    (0, -1),
+        Qt.Key.Key_Down:  (0, 1),
+    }
+    _ROTATE_KEYS = {Qt.Key.Key_Q: 1, Qt.Key.Key_E: -1}   # CCW, CW
+
+    def __init__(self, parent=None):
+        fig = Figure(figsize=(6, 6), tight_layout=True)
+        self.ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
+        super().__init__(fig)
+        self.setParent(parent)
+        self.setFocusPolicy(Qt.FocusPolicy.StrongFocus)
+        self.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy.Policy.Expanding, QSizePolicy.Policy.Expanding)
+        self.mpl_connect("button_press_event", lambda _e: self.setFocus())
+
+    def show_overlay(self, rgba: np.ndarray, extent: list[float], title: str):
+        self.figure.clf()
+        self.ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111)
+        self.ax.imshow(rgba, extent=extent, origin="upper", aspect="auto")
+        self.ax.set_xlabel("X (mm)")
+        self.ax.set_ylabel("Y (mm)")
+        self.ax.set_title(title)
+        self.draw_idle()   # coalesces rapid redraws — matters for key-repeat.
+
+    def keyPressEvent(self, event: QKeyEvent):
+        key = event.key()
+        coarse = bool(event.modifiers() & Qt.KeyboardModifier.ShiftModifier)
+        if key in self._TRANSLATE_KEYS:
+            dx, dy = self._TRANSLATE_KEYS[key]
+            self.nudge_translate.emit(dx, dy, coarse)
+            event.accept()
+        elif key in self._ROTATE_KEYS:
+            self.nudge_rotate.emit(self._ROTATE_KEYS[key], coarse)
+            event.accept()
+        else:
+            super().keyPressEvent(event)
+
+
+class ManualAlignmentDialog(QDialog):
+    """Non-modal manual angle-alignment editor (Fusion -> Manual Alignment...).
+
+    Shows every angle's binarized CH4 (Bias B) mask overlaid in a distinct
+    color at partial opacity on one shared canvas, so translation/rotation
+    misalignment is visible by eye — the thing the automatic phase-
+    correlation step (compute_angle_alignment) sometimes gets wrong. The user
+    picks an "active" angle and nudges its rotation+translation with the
+    keyboard; Auto De-rotate sets every non-reference angle's rotation to the
+    known, analytic scan-angle delta without touching any translation the
+    user has already dialed in. Save writes a JSON sidecar next to the .sras
+    file and hands a freshly-built, full-resolution AlignmentResult back to
+    the main window — the exact same object shape compute_angle_alignment
+    produces, so every existing Aligned-View code path (apply_alignment,
+    _aligned_canvas_axes, the pixel-inspector inverse-transform) works
+    completely unmodified.
+
+    Non-modal by design (shown via .show(), never .exec() or setModal(True))
+    so the user can still interact with the main window. Talks back to
+    SrasViewerWindow two ways: it reuses parent._run_worker/_jobs directly
+    for its own (rare) background mask-fetch step, so the main window's
+    existing shutdown/lifecycle plumbing covers it for free, and it emits
+    alignment_saved / alignment_cleared signals for the two moments that
+    should actually mutate the main window's persistent state — everything
+    else (nudging, Auto De-rotate, threshold edits) stays purely local to
+    this dialog until Save.
+    """
+
+    alignment_saved = pyqtSignal(object, str)   # AlignmentResult, sidecar path (str)
+    alignment_cleared = pyqtSignal()
+
+    _PREVIEW_MARGIN_FRAC = 0.15
+    _BASE_ALPHA = 0.42
+    _ACTIVE_ALPHA = 0.75
+    _MAX_PREVIEW_DIM = 1024
+
+    def __init__(self, parent: "SrasViewerWindow", sras: SrasFile, *,
+                ref_angle_idx: int, dc_threshold_mv: float,
+                seed_per_angle: dict[int, ManualAngleParams] | None,
+                cached_dc4_mv: dict[int, np.ndarray]):
+        super().__init__(parent)
+        self._parent = parent
+        self._sras = sras
+        self._ref_angle_idx = ref_angle_idx
+        self._downsample_factor = 1
+        self._dc4_mv: dict[int, np.ndarray] = {}
+        self._masks_small: dict[int, np.ndarray] = {}
+        self._preview_layers: dict[int, np.ndarray] = {}
+        self._preview_origin_mm = (0.0, 0.0)
+        self._preview_shape = (1, 1)
+        self._preview_dx_mm = self._preview_dy_mm = 1.0
+        self._masks_ready = False
+
+        self.setWindowTitle(f"Manual Alignment — {sras.path.name}")
+        self.resize(1150, 760)
+
+        self._seed_initial_params(seed_per_angle)
+        n = sras.n_angles
+        cmap = mpl.colormaps["tab10"] if n <= 10 else mpl.colormaps["tab20"]
+        self._angle_colors = {a: cmap(a % cmap.N)[:3] for a in range(n)}
+        self._active_angle = 1 if ref_angle_idx == 0 and n > 1 else 0
+
+        self._build_ui(dc_threshold_mv)
+        self._set_controls_enabled(False)   # re-enabled once masks are ready
+        self._start_mask_prep(cached_dc4_mv)
+
+    def showEvent(self, event):
+        super().showEvent(event)
+        self.canvas.setFocus()
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Construction
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _seed_initial_params(self, seed_per_angle: dict[int, ManualAngleParams] | None):
+        seed = seed_per_angle or {}
+        self._angle_params: dict[int, ManualAngleParams] = {
+            a: (ManualAngleParams(seed[a].rotation_deg, seed[a].shift_mm)
+               if a in seed else ManualAngleParams())
+            for a in range(self._sras.n_angles)
+        }
+        self._angle_params[self._ref_angle_idx] = ManualAngleParams()
+
+    def _build_ui(self, dc_threshold_mv: float):
+        root = QHBoxLayout(self)
+
+        self.canvas = ManualAlignOverlayCanvas()
+        left = QWidget()
+        left_l = QVBoxLayout(left)
+        left_l.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
+        left_l.setSpacing(4)
+        left_l.addWidget(NavigationToolbar2QT(self.canvas, left))
+        left_l.addWidget(self.canvas)
+        root.addWidget(left, stretch=1)
+
+        panel = QWidget()
+        panel_l = QVBoxLayout(panel)
+        panel_l.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
+        panel_l.setSpacing(8)
+
+        # ---- Active Angle -------------------------------------------------
+        grp_angle, al = _group("Active Angle")
+        self.combo_active_angle = QComboBox()
+        for a in range(self._sras.n_angles):
+            label = f"Angle {a} ({self._sras.angles_deg[a]:.1f}°)"
+            if a == self._ref_angle_idx:
+                label += "  [reference]"
+            self.combo_active_angle.addItem(label)
+        al.addWidget(self.combo_active_angle)
+        self.lbl_active_note = _wrap_label("", _CSS_WARN)
+        al.addWidget(self.lbl_active_note)
+        panel_l.addWidget(grp_angle)
+
+        # ---- Manual Adjustment ---------------------------------------------
+        self.grp_manual_adjust, mform_box = _group("Manual Adjustment")
+        mform = _form()
+        self.spin_active_rotation_deg = QDoubleSpinBox()
+        self.spin_active_rotation_deg.setRange(-3600.0, 3600.0)
+        self.spin_active_rotation_deg.setDecimals(3)
+        self.spin_active_rotation_deg.setSuffix(" °")
+        self.spin_active_rotation_deg.setMinimumWidth(_SPIN_MIN_W)
+        mform.addRow("Rotation:", self.spin_active_rotation_deg)
+
+        self.spin_active_shift_x_mm = QDoubleSpinBox()
+        self.spin_active_shift_x_mm.setRange(-1e5, 1e5)
+        self.spin_active_shift_x_mm.setDecimals(4)
+        self.spin_active_shift_x_mm.setSuffix(" mm")
+        self.spin_active_shift_x_mm.setMinimumWidth(_SPIN_MIN_W)
+        mform.addRow("Shift X:", self.spin_active_shift_x_mm)
+
+        self.spin_active_shift_y_mm = QDoubleSpinBox()
+        self.spin_active_shift_y_mm.setRange(-1e5, 1e5)
+        self.spin_active_shift_y_mm.setDecimals(4)
+        self.spin_active_shift_y_mm.setSuffix(" mm")
+        self.spin_active_shift_y_mm.setMinimumWidth(_SPIN_MIN_W)
+        mform.addRow("Shift Y:", self.spin_active_shift_y_mm)
+        mform_box.addLayout(mform)
+        panel_l.addWidget(self.grp_manual_adjust)
+
+        # ---- Nudge Step Sizes ------------------------------------------------
+        self.grp_step_sizes, sl = _group("Nudge Step Sizes")
+        sform = _form()
+        self.spin_step_translate_mm = QDoubleSpinBox()
+        self.spin_step_translate_mm.setRange(0.0001, 1000.0)
+        self.spin_step_translate_mm.setDecimals(4)
+        self.spin_step_translate_mm.setSuffix(" mm")
+        self.spin_step_translate_mm.setValue(0.01)
+        self.spin_step_translate_mm.setMinimumWidth(_SPIN_MIN_W)
+        sform.addRow("Translate step:", self.spin_step_translate_mm)
+
+        self.spin_step_rotate_deg = QDoubleSpinBox()
+        self.spin_step_rotate_deg.setRange(0.001, 90.0)
+        self.spin_step_rotate_deg.setDecimals(3)
+        self.spin_step_rotate_deg.setSuffix(" °")
+        self.spin_step_rotate_deg.setValue(0.1)
+        self.spin_step_rotate_deg.setMinimumWidth(_SPIN_MIN_W)
+        sform.addRow("Rotate step:", self.spin_step_rotate_deg)
+
+        self.spin_step_multiplier = QDoubleSpinBox()
+        self.spin_step_multiplier.setRange(1.0, 1000.0)
+        self.spin_step_multiplier.setDecimals(1)
+        self.spin_step_multiplier.setValue(10.0)
+        self.spin_step_multiplier.setMinimumWidth(_SPIN_MIN_W)
+        sform.addRow("Coarse × (Shift):", self.spin_step_multiplier)
+        sl.addLayout(sform)
+        sl.addWidget(_wrap_label(
+            "Arrow keys nudge X/Y translation; Q/E nudge rotation (CCW/CW). "
+            "Hold Shift for the coarse step. Click the image once so it has "
+            "keyboard focus.", _CSS_HINT))
+        panel_l.addWidget(self.grp_step_sizes)
+
+        # ---- Mask Threshold ---------------------------------------------------
+        self.grp_mask_threshold, tl = _group("Mask Threshold")
+        tform = _form()
+        self.spin_mask_threshold_mv = QDoubleSpinBox()
+        self.spin_mask_threshold_mv.setRange(-500.0, 500.0)
+        self.spin_mask_threshold_mv.setDecimals(3)
+        self.spin_mask_threshold_mv.setSuffix(" mV")
+        self.spin_mask_threshold_mv.setValue(dc_threshold_mv)
+        self.spin_mask_threshold_mv.setMinimumWidth(_SPIN_MIN_W)
+        tform.addRow("DC threshold:", self.spin_mask_threshold_mv)
+        tl.addLayout(tform)
+        panel_l.addWidget(self.grp_mask_threshold)
+
+        # ---- Actions ------------------------------------------------------
+        grp_actions, acl = _group("Actions")
+        self.btn_auto_derotate = QPushButton("Auto De-rotate (use known angles)")
+        self.btn_save = QPushButton("Save Alignment")
+        self.btn_clear = QPushButton("Clear Alignment…")
+        self.btn_close = QPushButton("Close")
+        for btn in (self.btn_auto_derotate, self.btn_save, self.btn_clear, self.btn_close):
+            acl.addWidget(btn)
+        panel_l.addWidget(grp_actions)
+
+        self.lbl_status = _wrap_label("", _CSS_MUTED)
+        panel_l.addWidget(self.lbl_status)
+        panel_l.addStretch()
+
+        root.addWidget(_scroll_panel(panel, 300))
+
+        self.combo_active_angle.currentIndexChanged.connect(self._on_active_angle_changed)
+        self.spin_active_rotation_deg.editingFinished.connect(self._on_rotation_spin_edited)
+        self.spin_active_shift_x_mm.editingFinished.connect(self._on_shift_spin_edited)
+        self.spin_active_shift_y_mm.editingFinished.connect(self._on_shift_spin_edited)
+        self.spin_mask_threshold_mv.editingFinished.connect(self._on_mask_threshold_edited)
+        self.btn_auto_derotate.clicked.connect(self._on_auto_derotate)
+        self.btn_save.clicked.connect(self._on_save)
+        self.btn_clear.clicked.connect(self._on_clear)
+        self.btn_close.clicked.connect(self.close)
+        self.canvas.nudge_translate.connect(self._on_nudge_translate)
+        self.canvas.nudge_rotate.connect(self._on_nudge_rotate)
+
+        self.combo_active_angle.blockSignals(True)
+        self.combo_active_angle.setCurrentIndex(self._active_angle)
+        self.combo_active_angle.blockSignals(False)
+        self._on_active_angle_changed(self._active_angle)
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Mask preparation (initial CH4 fetch + threshold + downsample)
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _start_mask_prep(self, cached_dc4_mv: dict[int, np.ndarray]):
+        self._dc4_mv = dict(cached_dc4_mv)
+        missing = [a for a in range(self._sras.n_angles) if a not in self._dc4_mv]
+        if not missing:
+            self._finish_mask_prep()
+            return
+        self.lbl_status.setText(f"Preparing masks: 0/{len(missing)} angle(s) needed…")
+        started = self._parent._run_worker(
+            "manual_align_masks", Ch4MaskWorker(self._sras, missing),
+            connect=(
+                ("angle_done", self._on_mask_angle_done),
+                ("error", lambda msg: self.lbl_status.setText(f"Mask prep error: {msg}")),
+            ),
+            on_done=self._finish_mask_prep)
+        if not started:
+            self.lbl_status.setText(
+                "Could not start mask preparation (busy) — close and reopen.")
+
+    def _on_mask_angle_done(self, angle_idx: int, dc4_mv: np.ndarray):
+        self._dc4_mv[angle_idx] = dc4_mv
+        self.lbl_status.setText(
+            f"Preparing masks: {len(self._dc4_mv)}/{self._sras.n_angles} ready…")
+
+    def _finish_mask_prep(self):
+        if len(self._dc4_mv) < self._sras.n_angles:
+            return   # a mask-worker error left some angles unfetched
+        max_dim = max(max(img.shape) for img in self._dc4_mv.values())
+        self._downsample_factor = max(1, int(np.ceil(max_dim / self._MAX_PREVIEW_DIM)))
+        self._recompute_masks_small()
+        self._rebuild_preview_canvas()
+        self._set_controls_enabled(True)
+        self.lbl_status.setText("Ready.")
+
+    def _recompute_masks_small(self):
+        """Threshold + downsample every angle's already-in-memory full-res
+        CH4 mV image. Cheap (a compare + block-mean), so this re-runs in
+        full whenever the mask-threshold spin box changes — no re-fetch."""
+        threshold = self.spin_mask_threshold_mv.value()
+        factor = self._downsample_factor
+        self._masks_small = {
+            a: compute._block_mean_downsample(
+                (img >= threshold).astype(np.float32), factor)
+            for a, img in self._dc4_mv.items()
+        }
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Preview canvas: full rebuild vs. incremental single-layer refresh
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _rebuild_preview_canvas(self):
+        """Full geometry rebuild: recomputes the shared preview canvas's
+        origin/shape (rotation can grow the union bbox — translation alone
+        cannot, per the padding baked in via _PREVIEW_MARGIN_FRAC) and every
+        angle's reprojected mask layer. Triggered by: dialog open,
+        mask-threshold change, Auto De-rotate, a rotation nudge/edit of the
+        active angle. NOT triggered by a translation-only nudge — see
+        _refresh_active_preview_layer."""
+        dx_ref, dy_ref = compute._pixel_pitch_mm(self._sras, self._ref_angle_idx)
+        factor = self._downsample_factor
+        dx_c, dy_c = dx_ref * factor, dy_ref * factor
+        origin, shape = compute.union_canvas_mm(
+            self._sras, self._ref_angle_idx, dx_c, dy_c, self._angle_params,
+            margin_frac=self._PREVIEW_MARGIN_FRAC)
+        self._preview_origin_mm, self._preview_shape = origin, shape
+        self._preview_dx_mm, self._preview_dy_mm = dx_c, dy_c
+        self._preview_layers = {
+            a: compute.reproject_mask(
+                self._sras, a, self._ref_angle_idx, self._masks_small[a],
+                self._angle_params[a].rotation_deg, self._angle_params[a].shift_mm,
+                dx_c, dy_c, origin, shape)
+            for a in range(self._sras.n_angles)
+        }
+        self._redraw_overlay()
+
+    def _refresh_active_preview_layer(self):
+        """Cheap path for a translation-only nudge/edit of the active angle:
+        reproject just that one angle's downsampled mask onto the *existing*
+        preview canvas — every other angle's cached layer is untouched."""
+        a = self._active_angle
+        self._preview_layers[a] = compute.reproject_mask(
+            self._sras, a, self._ref_angle_idx, self._masks_small[a],
+            self._angle_params[a].rotation_deg, self._angle_params[a].shift_mm,
+            self._preview_dx_mm, self._preview_dy_mm,
+            self._preview_origin_mm, self._preview_shape)
+        self._redraw_overlay()
+
+    def _redraw_overlay(self):
+        """Alpha-composite every angle's colored mask layer into one RGBA
+        image ("all thresholds overlaid with varying opacity"). Each angle
+        keeps a fixed, distinct color regardless of which is active; the
+        active angle is drawn last (on top) at a visibly higher alpha so
+        it's easy to track while nudging."""
+        if not self._preview_layers:
+            return   # mask prep hasn't finished yet — nothing to draw
+        n_rows, n_cols = self._preview_shape
+        rgba = np.zeros((n_rows, n_cols, 4), dtype=np.float32)
+        order = sorted(range(self._sras.n_angles), key=lambda a: a == self._active_angle)
+        for a in order:
+            layer = self._preview_layers.get(a)
+            if layer is None:
+                continue
+            alpha = self._ACTIVE_ALPHA if a == self._active_angle else self._BASE_ALPHA
+            color = self._angle_colors[a]
+            fg_a = layer * alpha
+            for c in range(3):
+                rgba[..., c] = color[c] * fg_a + rgba[..., c] * rgba[..., 3] * (1 - fg_a)
+            rgba[..., 3] = fg_a + rgba[..., 3] * (1 - fg_a)
+
+        x0, y0 = self._preview_origin_mm
+        dx, dy = self._preview_dx_mm, self._preview_dy_mm
+        x_axis = x0 + np.arange(n_cols) * dx
+        y_axis = y0 + np.arange(n_rows) * dy
+        extent = [x_axis[0] - dx / 2, x_axis[-1] + dx / 2,
+                 y_axis[-1] + dy / 2, y_axis[0] - dy / 2]
+        title = (f"Angle {self._active_angle} active "
+                f"({self._sras.angles_deg[self._active_angle]:.1f}°)")
+        self.canvas.show_overlay(rgba, extent, title)
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Angle selection / nudge / edit handlers
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _on_active_angle_changed(self, angle_idx: int):
+        self._active_angle = angle_idx
+        is_ref = angle_idx == self._ref_angle_idx
+        self.grp_manual_adjust.setEnabled(self._masks_ready and not is_ref)
+        self.lbl_active_note.setText(
+            "Reference angle — defines the shared origin, not adjustable." if is_ref else "")
+        self._sync_active_spinboxes()
+        self._redraw_overlay()
+
+    def _sync_active_spinboxes(self):
+        p = self._angle_params[self._active_angle]
+        for spin, val in ((self.spin_active_rotation_deg, p.rotation_deg),
+                         (self.spin_active_shift_x_mm, p.shift_mm[0]),
+                         (self.spin_active_shift_y_mm, p.shift_mm[1])):
+            spin.blockSignals(True)
+            spin.setValue(val)
+            spin.blockSignals(False)
+
+    def _on_nudge_translate(self, dir_x: int, dir_y: int, coarse: bool):
+        if not self._masks_ready or self._active_angle == self._ref_angle_idx:
+            return
+        step = self.spin_step_translate_mm.value()
+        if coarse:
+            step *= self.spin_step_multiplier.value()
+        p = self._angle_params[self._active_angle]
+        p.shift_mm = (p.shift_mm[0] + dir_x * step, p.shift_mm[1] + dir_y * step)
+        self._sync_active_spinboxes()
+        self._refresh_active_preview_layer()
+
+    def _on_nudge_rotate(self, direction: int, coarse: bool):
+        if not self._masks_ready or self._active_angle == self._ref_angle_idx:
+            return
+        step = self.spin_step_rotate_deg.value()
+        if coarse:
+            step *= self.spin_step_multiplier.value()
+        self._angle_params[self._active_angle].rotation_deg += direction * step
+        self._sync_active_spinboxes()
+        self._rebuild_preview_canvas()
+
+    def _on_rotation_spin_edited(self):
+        if self._active_angle == self._ref_angle_idx:
+            return
+        self._angle_params[self._active_angle].rotation_deg = self.spin_active_rotation_deg.value()
+        self._rebuild_preview_canvas()
+
+    def _on_shift_spin_edited(self):
+        if self._active_angle == self._ref_angle_idx:
+            return
+        p = self._angle_params[self._active_angle]
+        p.shift_mm = (self.spin_active_shift_x_mm.value(), self.spin_active_shift_y_mm.value())
+        self._refresh_active_preview_layer()
+
+    def _on_mask_threshold_edited(self):
+        if not self._masks_ready:
+            return
+        self._recompute_masks_small()
+        self._rebuild_preview_canvas()
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Actions
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _on_auto_derotate(self):
+        n_changed = 0
+        for a in range(self._sras.n_angles):
+            if a == self._ref_angle_idx:
+                continue
+            self._angle_params[a].rotation_deg = compute._theta_deg(
+                self._sras, a, self._ref_angle_idx)
+            n_changed += 1
+        self._sync_active_spinboxes()
+        self._rebuild_preview_canvas()
+        self.lbl_status.setText(
+            f"Rotation set to the known scan angle for {n_changed} angle(s) "
+            "(translation left untouched).")
+
+    def _on_save(self):
+        threshold = self.spin_mask_threshold_mv.value()
+        resolved = dict(self._angle_params)   # already concrete floats
+        try:
+            path = save_manual_alignment(self._sras, self._ref_angle_idx, threshold, resolved)
+            result = build_manual_alignment(self._sras, self._ref_angle_idx, threshold, resolved)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            QMessageBox.warning(self, "Save Alignment Failed", str(exc))
+            return
+        self.lbl_status.setText(f"Saved to {path.name}.")
+        self.alignment_saved.emit(result, str(path))
+
+    def _on_clear(self):
+        reply = QMessageBox.question(
+            self, "Clear Alignment",
+            "This resets every angle back to raw/unaligned (0° rotation, no "
+            "shift) and deletes the saved alignment file for this scan, if "
+            "any. This cannot be undone. Continue?",
+            QMessageBox.StandardButton.Yes | QMessageBox.StandardButton.No,
+            QMessageBox.StandardButton.No)
+        if reply != QMessageBox.StandardButton.Yes:
+            return
+        try:
+            existed = delete_manual_alignment(self._sras)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            QMessageBox.warning(self, "Clear Alignment Failed",
+                                f"Could not delete the saved alignment file: {exc}")
+            return
+        self._angle_params = {a: ManualAngleParams() for a in range(self._sras.n_angles)}
+        self._sync_active_spinboxes()
+        self._rebuild_preview_canvas()
+        self.lbl_status.setText(
+            "Alignment cleared; saved file removed." if existed
+            else "Alignment cleared (there was no saved file).")
+        self.alignment_cleared.emit()
+
+    def _set_controls_enabled(self, enabled: bool):
+        self._masks_ready = enabled
+        self.combo_active_angle.setEnabled(enabled)
+        self.grp_manual_adjust.setEnabled(enabled and self._active_angle != self._ref_angle_idx)
+        self.grp_step_sizes.setEnabled(enabled)
+        self.grp_mask_threshold.setEnabled(enabled)
+        self.btn_auto_derotate.setEnabled(enabled)
+        self.btn_save.setEnabled(enabled)
+        self.btn_clear.setEnabled(enabled)
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Main window
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -788,6 +1329,7 @@ class SrasViewerWindow(QMainWindow):
         self._alignment_result = None
         self._alignment_generation: int = 0
         self._aligned_cache: dict[tuple, np.ndarray] = {}
+        self._manual_align_dialog: ManualAlignmentDialog | None = None
 
         self._build_ui()
 
@@ -1137,6 +1679,16 @@ class SrasViewerWindow(QMainWindow):
         self._alignment_act.triggered.connect(self._on_angle_alignment)
         fusion_menu.addAction(self._alignment_act)
 
+        self._manual_align_act = QAction("&Manual Alignment…", self)
+        self._manual_align_act.setStatusTip(
+            "Open an interactive dialog to align angles by eye: overlaid CH4 "
+            "threshold masks, keyboard nudge (translate + rotate), auto "
+            "de-rotate to the known scan angles, and save/clear a persistent "
+            "alignment.")
+        self._manual_align_act.setEnabled(False)
+        self._manual_align_act.triggered.connect(self._on_manual_alignment)
+        fusion_menu.addAction(self._manual_align_act)
+
         convert_menu = menubar.addMenu("&Convert")
         self._batch_dc_act = QAction("Batch Compute DC and &Store…", self)
         self._batch_dc_act.setStatusTip(
@@ -1196,6 +1748,13 @@ class SrasViewerWindow(QMainWindow):
         self._sras = sras
         self._current_image = None
 
+        # A manual-alignment dialog bound to the previous file must not
+        # survive a reload — its per-angle state (and the sras it was
+        # constructed against) no longer matches the new file's geometry.
+        if self._manual_align_dialog is not None:
+            self._manual_align_dialog.close()
+            self._manual_align_dialog = None
+
         # Caches (and any in-flight DC precompute) belong to the previous
         # file's geometry — discard and start fresh. Bumping the generation
         # counters makes any still-running worker's result get dropped when
@@ -1213,6 +1772,26 @@ class SrasViewerWindow(QMainWindow):
         self.chk_aligned_view.setEnabled(False)
         self.chk_aligned_view.blockSignals(False)
 
+        # Silently restore a previously-saved manual alignment, if any, so
+        # the work survives closing and reopening the file.
+        sidecar = load_manual_alignment(sras)
+        if sidecar is not None:
+            try:
+                self._alignment_result = build_manual_alignment(
+                    sras, sidecar.ref_angle_idx, sidecar.dc_threshold_mv,
+                    sidecar.per_angle)
+                self.chk_aligned_view.blockSignals(True)
+                self.chk_aligned_view.setChecked(True)
+                self.chk_aligned_view.blockSignals(False)
+                self.statusBar().showMessage(
+                    f"Restored saved manual alignment from "
+                    f"{sidecar_path(sras.path).name}")
+            except Exception as exc:
+                # A corrupt/foreign sidecar or a rescan that shrank n_angles
+                # below ref_angle_idx must not block opening the .sras file.
+                self.statusBar().showMessage(
+                    f"Could not restore saved alignment: {exc}")
+
         # A ROI from the previous file no longer matches the new scan's
         # geometry, so discard it on every load.
         self.image_canvas.clear_roi()
@@ -1318,6 +1897,8 @@ class SrasViewerWindow(QMainWindow):
 
         self._alignment_act.setEnabled(
             has_file and s.n_angles > 1 and not self._job_running("align"))
+        self._manual_align_act.setEnabled(
+            has_file and s.n_angles > 1 and not self._job_running("align"))
         self.chk_aligned_view.setEnabled(enabled and self._alignment_result is not None)
         self._update_roi_ui()
 
@@ -1934,6 +2515,73 @@ class SrasViewerWindow(QMainWindow):
             f"canvas {nc}×{nr} px).")
         self._refresh_display()
 
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Fusion: manual alignment
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _on_manual_alignment(self):
+        if self._sras is None or self._sras.n_angles <= 1:
+            return
+        if self._manual_align_dialog is not None:
+            self._manual_align_dialog.raise_()
+            self._manual_align_dialog.activateWindow()
+            return
+
+        ref_idx = 0
+        threshold_mv = self.spin_threshold_mv.value()
+        seed: dict[int, ManualAngleParams] = {}
+        if (self._alignment_result is not None
+                and self._alignment_result.ref_angle_idx == ref_idx):
+            seed = {a: ManualAngleParams(t.rotation_deg, t.shift_mm)
+                   for a, t in self._alignment_result.per_angle.items()}
+            threshold_mv = self._alignment_result.dc_threshold_mv
+        else:
+            sidecar = load_manual_alignment(self._sras)
+            if sidecar is not None and sidecar.ref_angle_idx == ref_idx:
+                seed = dict(sidecar.per_angle)
+                threshold_mv = sidecar.dc_threshold_mv
+
+        cached_dc4 = {a: img for (a, ch), img in self._dc_cache.items() if ch == CH4_IDX}
+        dlg = ManualAlignmentDialog(
+            self, self._sras, ref_angle_idx=ref_idx, dc_threshold_mv=threshold_mv,
+            seed_per_angle=seed, cached_dc4_mv=cached_dc4)
+        dlg.alignment_saved.connect(self._on_manual_alignment_saved)
+        dlg.alignment_cleared.connect(self._on_manual_alignment_cleared)
+        dlg.finished.connect(self._on_manual_align_dialog_closed)
+        dlg.setAttribute(Qt.WidgetAttribute.WA_DeleteOnClose)
+        self._manual_align_dialog = dlg
+        dlg.show()
+
+    def _on_manual_align_dialog_closed(self, _result_code: int):
+        self._manual_align_dialog = None
+
+    def _on_manual_alignment_saved(self, result, sidecar_path_str: str):
+        self._alignment_result = result
+        self._aligned_cache = {}
+        self._alignment_generation += 1
+        self.chk_aligned_view.setEnabled(True)
+        self.chk_aligned_view.blockSignals(True)
+        self.chk_aligned_view.setChecked(True)
+        self.chk_aligned_view.blockSignals(False)
+        self._update_controls_enabled(self._sras is not None)
+        self.statusBar().showMessage(
+            f"Manual alignment saved to {Path(sidecar_path_str).name}")
+        if self._current_image is not None:
+            self._refresh_display()
+
+    def _on_manual_alignment_cleared(self):
+        self._alignment_result = None
+        self._aligned_cache = {}
+        self._alignment_generation += 1
+        self.chk_aligned_view.blockSignals(True)
+        self.chk_aligned_view.setChecked(False)
+        self.chk_aligned_view.setEnabled(False)
+        self.chk_aligned_view.blockSignals(False)
+        self._update_controls_enabled(self._sras is not None)
+        self.statusBar().showMessage("Manual alignment cleared.")
+        if self._current_image is not None:
+            self._refresh_display()
+
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------
     # FFT Options
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1960,6 +2608,9 @@ class SrasViewerWindow(QMainWindow):
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def closeEvent(self, event):
+        if self._manual_align_dialog is not None:
+            self._manual_align_dialog.close()
+
         # Signal every cancellable worker first, then wait. Waiting without
         # signalling means sitting out whatever is in flight — on a large
         # scan a single angle is ~40 s.

sras_workers.py

@@ -304,3 +304,45 @@ class AngleAlignmentWorker(QObject):
             self.finished.emit(result, "")
         except Exception as exc:
             self.finished.emit(None, str(exc))
+
+
+class Ch4MaskWorker(QObject):
+    """Fetches each requested angle's CH4 (Bias B) DC image in mV, for
+    ManualAlignmentDialog's initial threshold-mask overlay.
+
+    Reuses dc_image_mv, which prefers a stored v5/v7 cache over recomputing
+    from raw waveforms, so this only does real work for a file that hasn't
+    gone through the v7 "Convert" batch step and for angles the main
+    window's own DcPrecomputeWorker (which runs automatically right after
+    every file load) hasn't reached yet. In the common case — the user opens
+    Fusion -> Manual Alignment after DC precompute has already finished —
+    *angle_indices* is empty and this worker is never even constructed (see
+    ManualAlignmentDialog._start_mask_prep).
+    """
+    angle_done = pyqtSignal(int, np.ndarray)   # angle_idx, dc4_mv
+    finished = pyqtSignal()
+    error = pyqtSignal(str)
+
+    def __init__(self, sras: SrasFile, angle_indices: list[int]):
+        super().__init__()
+        self._sras = sras
+        self._angles = angle_indices
+
+    def run(self):
+        try:
+            n_workers, budget = compute.plan_angle_level(self._sras)
+            pool = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=n_workers)
+            try:
+                futures = {
+                    pool.submit(dc_image_mv, self._sras, a, CH4_IDX,
+                               max_workers=1, budget=budget): a
+                    for a in self._angles
+                }
+                for fut in as_completed(futures):
+                    a = futures[fut]
+                    self.angle_done.emit(a, fut.result())
+            finally:
+                pool.shutdown(wait=True)
+            self.finished.emit()
+        except Exception as exc:
+            self.error.emit(str(exc))

tools/test_gui.py

@@ -4,24 +4,29 @@ signals and worker threads under the offscreen platform plugin.
 
 Covers the interactions a manual smoke test would: load, switch angles and
 channels, background DC precompute, lazy FFT compute, threshold and bg-sub
-changes, angle alignment, aligned view, ROI draw/move, and CSV export.
+changes, angle alignment, manual angle alignment, aligned view, ROI
+draw/move, and CSV export.
 
 Usage:  QT_QPA_PLATFORM=offscreen python tools/test_gui.py [file.sras]
 """
 
+import json
 import os
 import sys
 import tempfile
 from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
 
 os.environ.setdefault("QT_QPA_PLATFORM", "offscreen")
 
 import numpy as np                                          # noqa: E402
-from PyQt6.QtCore import QEventLoop, QTimer                 # noqa: E402
+from PyQt6.QtCore import QEventLoop, Qt, QTimer              # noqa: E402
-from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication                    # noqa: E402
+from PyQt6.QtTest import QTest                               # noqa: E402
+from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMessageBox        # noqa: E402
 
 sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent))
 
+import sras_compute as compute                              # noqa: E402
 from sras_format import CH1_IDX, CH3_IDX, CH4_IDX           # noqa: E402
 from sras_viewer import RoiQuad, SrasViewerWindow, VELOCITY_MODE_IDX  # noqa: E402
 import tools.make_test_sras as gen                          # noqa: E402
@@ -170,7 +175,6 @@ def main():
     check("Export ROI enabled", win.btn_export_roi.isEnabled())
 
     csv_path = tmpdir / "roi.csv"
-    from unittest.mock import patch
     with patch("sras_viewer.QFileDialog.getSaveFileName",
                return_value=(str(csv_path), "")):
         win._on_export_roi_csv()
@@ -233,6 +237,136 @@ def main():
               win.image_canvas._img_shape == s.image_shape(0),
               str(win.image_canvas._img_shape))
 
+    print("\nmanual alignment (Fusion)")
+    check("manual alignment action enabled", win._manual_align_act.isEnabled())
+
+    # --- Open, seeding from the still-live automatic AlignmentResult --------
+    win._on_manual_alignment()
+    check("dialog opened", win._manual_align_dialog is not None)
+    dlg = win._manual_align_dialog
+    check("mask prep needed no background worker (already DC-cached)",
+          not win._job_running("manual_align_masks"))
+    r = win._alignment_result   # still the automatic result from the block above
+    if r is not None:
+        check("seeded rotation matches the automatic result",
+              all(dlg._angle_params[a].rotation_deg == r.per_angle[a].rotation_deg
+                  for a in range(s.n_angles)))
+        check("seeded shift matches the automatic result",
+              all(dlg._angle_params[a].shift_mm == r.per_angle[a].shift_mm
+                  for a in range(s.n_angles)))
+
+    # --- Reference angle is locked -------------------------------------------
+    dlg.combo_active_angle.setCurrentIndex(dlg._ref_angle_idx)
+    pump(30)
+    before_ref = dlg._angle_params[dlg._ref_angle_idx]
+    dlg._on_nudge_translate(1, 0, False)
+    dlg._on_nudge_rotate(1, False)
+    check("reference angle group disabled", not dlg.grp_manual_adjust.isEnabled())
+    check("reference angle untouched by nudge attempts",
+          dlg._angle_params[dlg._ref_angle_idx] == before_ref)
+
+    # --- Nudging a real angle (fine + coarse, translate + rotate) -----------
+    active = 1 if s.n_angles > 1 else 0
+    dlg.combo_active_angle.setCurrentIndex(active)
+    pump(30)
+    before = dlg._angle_params[active].shift_mm
+    dlg._on_nudge_translate(1, 0, False)   # fine +X
+    fine_step = dlg.spin_step_translate_mm.value()
+    check("fine translate nudge moved shift_x by exactly one fine step",
+          abs(dlg._angle_params[active].shift_mm[0] - (before[0] + fine_step)) < 1e-9)
+
+    before = dlg._angle_params[active].shift_mm
+    dlg._on_nudge_translate(0, -1, True)   # coarse -Y
+    coarse_step = fine_step * dlg.spin_step_multiplier.value()
+    check("coarse translate nudge uses the multiplier",
+          abs(dlg._angle_params[active].shift_mm[1] - (before[1] - coarse_step)) < 1e-9)
+
+    before_rot = dlg._angle_params[active].rotation_deg
+    dlg._on_nudge_rotate(1, False)
+    check("rotate nudge changed rotation_deg",
+          dlg._angle_params[active].rotation_deg != before_rot)
+    check("preview canvas rebuilt for every angle after a rotation nudge",
+          len(dlg._preview_layers) == s.n_angles)
+
+    # --- Real key-event wiring (proves keyPressEvent -> signal -> slot) -----
+    before = dlg._angle_params[active].shift_mm
+    QTest.keyClick(dlg.canvas, Qt.Key.Key_Right)
+    check("a real Right-arrow key event nudged shift_x",
+          dlg._angle_params[active].shift_mm[0] > before[0])
+
+    # --- Auto De-rotate: rotation only, translation untouched ---------------
+    shift_before_derotate = dlg._angle_params[active].shift_mm
+    dlg._on_auto_derotate()
+    expected_theta = compute._theta_deg(s, active, dlg._ref_angle_idx)
+    check("auto de-rotate set the known analytic angle",
+          abs(dlg._angle_params[active].rotation_deg - expected_theta) < 1e-6)
+    check("auto de-rotate left translation untouched",
+          dlg._angle_params[active].shift_mm == shift_before_derotate)
+    check("reference angle stays identity after auto de-rotate",
+          dlg._angle_params[dlg._ref_angle_idx].rotation_deg == 0.0)
+
+    # --- Save -----------------------------------------------------------------
+    dlg._on_save()
+    sidecar = compute.sidecar_path(s.path)
+    check("sidecar file written", sidecar.exists())
+    raw = json.loads(sidecar.read_text()) if sidecar.exists() else {}
+    check("sidecar schema_version is 1", raw.get("schema_version") == 1)
+    check("sidecar per_angle round-trips the dialog's resolved params",
+          all(raw.get("per_angle", {}).get(str(a), {}).get("rotation_deg")
+              == dlg._angle_params[a].rotation_deg for a in range(s.n_angles)))
+    check("main window's alignment_result replaced by the manual build",
+          win._alignment_result is not None
+          and win._alignment_result.per_angle[active].rotation_deg
+          == dlg._angle_params[active].rotation_deg)
+    check("Aligned View auto-enabled after Save",
+          win.chk_aligned_view.isEnabled() and win.chk_aligned_view.isChecked())
+
+    # --- Clear (with confirmation) --------------------------------------------
+    with patch("sras_viewer.QMessageBox.question",
+               return_value=QMessageBox.StandardButton.Yes):
+        dlg._on_clear()
+    check("sidecar file deleted", not sidecar.exists())
+    check("dialog params reset to identity",
+          all(dlg._angle_params[a] == compute.ManualAngleParams()
+              for a in range(s.n_angles)))
+    check("main window alignment_result cleared", win._alignment_result is None)
+    check("Aligned View disabled after Clear",
+          not win.chk_aligned_view.isEnabled() and not win.chk_aligned_view.isChecked())
+
+    dlg.close()
+    pump(150)
+    check("dialog reference released on close", win._manual_align_dialog is None)
+
+    # --- Sidecar auto-restore on next load ------------------------------------
+    win._on_manual_alignment()
+    dlg = win._manual_align_dialog
+    dlg.combo_active_angle.setCurrentIndex(active)
+    pump(30)
+    dlg._on_auto_derotate()
+    dlg._on_nudge_translate(1, 1, True)
+    saved_rotation = dlg._angle_params[active].rotation_deg
+    saved_shift = dlg._angle_params[active].shift_mm
+    dlg._on_save()
+    dlg.close()
+    pump(150)
+
+    old_sras_id = id(win._sras)
+    win._load_file(str(path))   # reload the same file fresh
+    check("file reloaded", wait_until(
+        lambda: win._sras is not None and id(win._sras) != old_sras_id))
+    s = win._sras
+    check("manual dialog force-closed by a reload", win._manual_align_dialog is None)
+    check("reload restores the saved manual alignment automatically",
+          win._alignment_result is not None)
+    if win._alignment_result is not None:
+        check("restored rotation matches what was saved",
+              abs(win._alignment_result.per_angle[active].rotation_deg
+                  - saved_rotation) < 1e-9)
+        check("restored shift matches what was saved",
+              win._alignment_result.per_angle[active].shift_mm == saved_shift)
+        check("Aligned View auto-checked after restoring a saved alignment",
+              win.chk_aligned_view.isChecked())
+
     print("\npixel inspector")
     win.chk_aligned_view.setChecked(False)
     pump(100)